21 FAQs About UPS Batteries

“A UPS is only as good as its battery… ”

Whether you need a three-phase UPS for large-scale operations, data centres, computer rooms, medical facilities, or any number of critical uses, having dependable UPS batteries ensures that power disruptions do not lead to costly downtime. Standby Systems specialises in providing high-quality batteries designed to meet the diverse power needs of businesses across South Africa.

We have collected 21 frequently asked questions about UPS batteries to help you understand the role and significance of a UPS and its batteries.

1. What is a UPS?

A UPS is a backup power system that provides emergency electricity when the main power source fails. This failure can be due to load-shedding, power failures, or grid maintenance. The UPS ensures that critical and sensitive equipment remains operational, preventing data loss and damage to sensitive electronics.

2. How does a UPS battery work?

A UPS battery stores electrical energy and supplies power when there is mains power failure. The UPS unit continuously charges the battery when mains power is available and instantly switches to battery power when a disruption occurs.

3. When do UPS batteries charge?

UPS batteries automatically recharge when mains power is available. Ideally, the battery should be fully charged before the next outage. Unfortunately, this isn’t always possible, particularly when Eskom load shedding results in multiple outages within a 24-hour period.

4. How long does a UPS battery last?

The lifespan of a UPS battery depends on factors such as usage, load, and environmental conditions. A battery with a 3- to 5-year design life will give you 1 to 3 years of service life. A battery with 10 years or more design life will give you 6 to 8 years of service life. These design life and service life expectancies are based on a battery that sits on float charge with a very occasional discharge, not the cycling discharge and charge cycles that we experience under load-shedding conditions.

Regular maintenance and optimal usage can extend battery life. You can read more about battery life and maintenance in our blog: How long does a UPS battery last, and what can be done to make it last longer?

5. What types of UPS batteries are available?

At Standby Systems, we supply a number of different types of UPS batteries. Let’s take a look.

ELGHR high-rate batteries

These batteries use advanced sealed AGM technology to ensure a high-performance battery with maximum reliability. With one of the best high power discharge rates in its class, it is ideal for use with UPS units where high initial current demand is met with superior build quality and reliability.

Deep-cycle and Long-life batteries

These batteries are built for prolonged discharge cycles, ideal for applications demanding sustained energy delivery such as those in industrial settings.

UPS VRLA batteries

The Elite VRLA UPS battery range is specifically designed and manufactured for high-rate applications when high power density is required in a small footprint. This battery is available with a 3- to 5-year design life and a 6- to 10-year design life. It uses the well-proven absorbed glass matt technology known as AGM, thereby making it a very low-maintenance product.

6. What is the difference between online, offline, and line-interactive UPS systems?

Online UPS systems provide continuous power by always running on battery, while offline and line-interactive systems switch to battery only when power is lost, with varying response times.

7. How do I choose the right UPS battery for my needs?

Selecting the right UPS battery depends on several factors. These include:

Power capacity requirements

Ensure the battery can handle more than what your current operation demands.

Backup duration

Consider how long you will need your batteries to keep your operation running. For example, 10 to 15 minutes while you safely shut down or switch to generator power, or for the duration of the outage. This will determine the size and number of batteries you will need.

Space availability

Batteries take up space, so if space is an issue, you will be limited in the number of batteries you can keep. Elite VRLA UPS Battery is a more compact battery, making it a good option if space is limited.

Maintenance preferences

VRLA batteries require less maintenance compared to flooded lead-acid batteries, so keep this in mind for future maintenance requirements if your UPS unit is in a location that isn’t easily accessible.
Read more about things to consider when choosing your battery in our blog: Things to consider when choosing a battery backup for my UPS.

8. Can UPS batteries be connected in series and parallel?

Yes, UPS batteries can be connected in series or parallel to meet different voltage and current requirements.
A series connection increases voltage while keeping the current the same.
A parallel connection increases the current while keeping the voltage the same. This setup is crucial for industrial UPS units that require a higher power output.

9. Can a UPS run indefinitely with external batteries?

While adding additional external batteries can extend runtime, the UPS inverter and charger have limits. They are designed primarily to provide backup power when the mains power fails and not as a long-term or permanent source of power.

10. What causes UPS batteries to fail?

UPS batteries may fail for several reasons:

Overcharging or undercharging
Both overcharging and undercharging can shorten battery life.

High temperatures
Heat accelerates battery degradation, so if you are in a warm location, you should look at investing in a form of cooling to keep the batteries from overheating.

Deep discharges
Draining the battery completely and frequently reduces its lifespan.

Poor maintenance
Neglecting routine checks leads to performance issues.

11. How can I extend the lifespan of my UPS battery?

Keeping batteries in a temperature-controlled environment, avoiding frequent deep discharges, and performing routine maintenance can help extend battery life.

12. How do I properly maintain my UPS battery?

Regular maintenance includes removing dust and debris, checking for corrosion, ensuring proper ventilation, monitoring battery voltage, and performing periodic load tests.

13. Are UPS batteries safe?

Yes, UPS batteries are safe when properly used and maintained. However, improper handling, overcharging, or physical damage can cause overheating or, in rare cases, explosions. Using high-quality UPS batteries from reputable brands ensures reliability and safety.

14. What should I do if my UPS battery is not holding a charge?

If your UPS battery is not holding a charge, follow this 10-point Troubleshooting Guide to diagnose and resolve the issue:

Point 1: Check for loose or corroded connections

• Inspect the battery terminals and cables for any loose connections or corrosion.
• Clean corroded terminals using a mixture of baking soda and water, and ensure all connections are secure.

Point 2: Verify the age of the battery

• UPS batteries have a limited lifespan.
• If the battery is near or past its expected service life, replacement may be necessary.

Point 3: Assess the environmental conditions

• High temperatures can accelerate battery degradation, while extremely low temperatures can reduce efficiency.
• Ensure the UPS is stored in a cool, well-ventilated environment (optimal temperature: 20–25°C).

Point 4: Test the UPS load

• Disconnect non-essential devices and test the UPS with a lower load to see if the battery holds a charge.
• If the UPS runs longer with a reduced load, the issue may be excessive power draw rather than battery failure.

Point 5: Check for frequent deep discharges

Frequent full discharges can shorten battery life. If your UPS is cycling power often due to load-shedding or outages, consider a battery with a higher capacity.

Point 6: Run a manual battery test

• Most modern UPS systems have a self-test function. Run this test to check battery health.
• If your UPS does not have a built-in test, disconnect mains power and observe how long the battery provides backup power. If it drains quickly, the battery may be failing.

Point 7: Inspect for physical damage

• Swollen, leaking, or deformed batteries indicate internal damage and require immediate replacement.
• Avoid using damaged batteries, as they can pose a safety risk.

Point 8: Ensure proper charging

• Check if the UPS is properly charging the battery when mains power is available.
• If the battery is not charging, the issue may be with the UPS’s charging circuit rather than the battery itself.

Point 9: Reset or restart the UPS

Some UPS units may need a reset after replacing a battery. Refer to the manufacturer’s manual for reset instructions.

Point 10: Consider battery replacement

If all troubleshooting steps fail and the battery still does not hold a charge, it is likely at the end of its life and should be replaced.

15. How do I know when to replace my UPS battery?

Signs include reduced backup time, battery alarms, frequent switching to battery mode, and physical damage or swelling of the battery.

16. Can I replace my UPS battery myself?

While some UPS models allow for user-replaceable batteries, other, more complex systems may require a professional to make the switch to ensure safe and proper installation.

17. How do I dispose of old UPS batteries in South Africa?

UPS batteries contain hazardous materials such as lead, acid, and other chemicals that can harm the environment if not disposed of properly. In South Africa, not all batteries are recyclable, so it is important to follow proper disposal guidelines:

Lead-acid batteries (VRLA, AGM, Gel, and Flooded batteries)

These are widely recyclable in South Africa. Many battery manufacturers and suppliers offer battery take-back programs, and licensed recycling facilities can safely process them to recover lead and other reusable materials.

Lithium-Ion Batteries

Standby Systems does not sell Lithium technology batteries due to their severe environmental impact, ethical concerns in raw material sourcing, and lack of technical advantage in UPS applications. Lead-acid batteries remain the superior choice, as they are 100% recyclable in South Africa and better suited for UPS operation. Click here to read more about this topic.

Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd) Batteries

Ni-Cd batteries contain toxic cadmium, making them hazardous waste. They should never be disposed of in general waste bins. Some hazardous waste collection sites accept Ni-Cd batteries, but availability varies by region.

Nickel-Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) Batteries

These are less toxic than Ni-Cd but still require proper disposal. Some e-waste recyclers accept them, but always check beforehand.

18. Where can I recycle UPS batteries in South Africa?

“There are many battery technologies available for use in a UPS, but a lead-acid sealed VRLA battery is 100% recycled in Africa. None of the others have local recycling facilities and therefore have to be shipped overseas when they are finished, or they end up in a landfill which is harmful to our natural environment.”
Read more about recycling and other maintenance facts in our blog: Preventative maintenance and servicing on all your UPS, Battery, STS, and emergency backup power equipment.

19. What happens if UPS batteries are not disposed of correctly?

Improper disposal can result in soil and water contamination, hazardous chemical leaks, and environmental damage. In some cases, non-compliant disposal of hazardous batteries may also lead to legal penalties.

20. How can I properly store UPS batteries if they are not in use?

If you need to store UPS batteries for an extended period, keep them in a cool, dry place with a stable temperature between 10–25°C. Batteries should be stored fully charged and recharged every 3 to 6 months to prevent deep discharge and capacity loss. Avoid exposure to direct sunlight, moisture, or extreme temperatures, as these conditions can degrade battery performance over time.

21. Where can I buy reliable UPS batteries in South Africa?

Standby Systems offers a wide range of UPS batteries, as well as single- and three-phase UPS units. We provide expert advice and reliable power solutions tailored to your needs.

If you have more questions about UPS batteries, read our blog, Everything you need to know about UPS batteries in South Africa or give Standby Systems a call.

Our experienced technical team is ready to advise you on the best UPS unit and battery solutions for your business or industry’s needs and assist in servicing your UPS. Visit Standby Systems’ website or contact us at 011 794 3406 for services, 011 794 2541 for UPS units for sale, or our UPS contact number at 082 450 2361. Alternatively, find us on Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram, and YouTube.

Remember, UPS batteries play a crucial role in maintaining an uninterrupted power supply. Choosing the right UPS battery ensures that critical operations continue during power failures. At Standby Systems, we offer premium Riello UPS solutions tailored to meet the demands of various sectors.

References

https://standbysystems.co.za/a-ups-is-only-as-good-as-its-battery/
https://standbysystems.co.za/maintenance/